An mRNA vaccine is a vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to generate an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers antigen-encoding mRNA molecules into immune cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign proteins normally produced by pathogens such

The goal of vaccines is to stimulate the adaptive immune system to produce antibodies that are precisely directed against specific pathogens. The markers on the pathogens that the antibodies target are called antigens. [48]Traditional vaccines stimulate antibody responses by injecting the antigen, a

Mechanism of influenzaSpreadingInfected people can spread influenza virus by breathing, talking, coughing and sneezing, spreading respiratory droplets and aerosols containing virus particles into the air. Susceptible individuals may contract the flu from exposure to these particles. [13][25] Respira

Symptom-based diagnosis is fairly accurate in otherwise healthy individuals during seasonal epidemics, and in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, or if encephalitis, myocarditis, or muscle tissue failure occurs case should be suspected. [13] Because influenza resembles oth

Contoh surat rapid antigen test: the COVID-19 has affected healthcare around the worldNew insights into the disruption caused by COVID-19 could help strengthen health systems ahead of future pandemics.